P2.5 plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (P2.5-PHEVs) exhibit high transmission efficiencies and no power interruption in the shifting and mode switching process; thus, they have broad application prospects.The power transmission in a PHEV under pure electric startup does not entail the clutch, and the initial torque of the motor is often set under th
Relevance.The link between innovation and distribution, the analysis of the distribution effects of technological change is one of the most factors of conducting effective state economic policy.It is a crucial element in the link between supply and demand in the economic development and growth process.Purpose.This article investigates the dynamics
Wetlands are sensitive and valuable ecosystems but today their safety and their sustainability have been harshly influenced by various natural and human factors.Using environmental risk assessment is an important tool in studies of environmental management and recognition and reduction of the potentially harmful environmental factors to achieve sus
We proposed a new crash surrogate metric, i.e., the maximum disturbance that a car following scenario can accommodate, to represent potential crash risks with a simple closed form.The metric is developed in consideration of traffic flow dynamics.Then, we compared its performance in predicting the rear-end crash risks for motorway on-ramps with othe